Rinse 1/2 cup toor dal in fresh water and soak in warm water for at least 30 minutes. Drain the soaking water and keep the dal ready.
Turn on the Instant Pot and press SAUTE mode. Add 1 tbsp oil. Once the oil is hot, add mustard seeds, urad dal, fenugreek seeds, cumin seeds, dried red chillies and curry leaves. Let them splutter and release their aroma.
Add 10 peeled shallots (small onions) and saute for 1 minute until lightly translucent.
Add 1 cup of thinly sliced radish (mullangi) roundels. Saute on Saute mode for 3 to 4 minutes. This brief sauteing removes the raw, pungent smell of radish.
Add the soaked and drained toor dal into the pot over the vegetables.
Pour in 1 cup of water and 2 cups of tamarind extract. Add turmeric powder, red chilli powder, sambar powder, hing and salt. Mix everything well with a ladle.
Press CANCEL on the Instant Pot. Close the lid tightly and turn the steam release valve to the SEALING position. Select PRESSURE COOK (High Pressure) and set the timer for 10 minutes.
Once cooking completes, let the pressure release naturally for 10 minutes (10 mins NPR). Then carefully release any remaining steam by turning the valve to Venting and open the lid. Using the back of your ladle, gently mash the cooked toor dal against the side of the pot to thicken the gravy.
Add 1/2 tsp jaggery and freshly chopped coriander leaves. Stir well. If the sambar is too thick, stir in 1/2 to 1 cup of warm water, press SAUTE mode, and let it simmer for 1 to 2 minutes. Serve steaming hot with rice and ghee!